Software metrics knowledge and databases for project. Maintenance and reliability key performance metrics. Software quality metrics can be further divided into three categories. Preventive maintenance software is one of the best tools for collecting accurate information from every asset, work order, and purchase. Software metrics are important for many reasons, including measuring software performance, planning work items, measuring productivity, and many other uses. The lifetime of use for software is not always known, so maintenance becomes easier if the software is designed with maintenance in mind. Metrics are your safety net, says performance advocate andreas grabner. Because mttr is one of the critical metrics computed when using these analysis tools, they are sometimes referred to as mttr software tools. This document presents the fundamental principles that will guide the software maintenance and the user support tasks within the project. Measuring software maintainability is nontrivial and there exists no single metric to measure it accurately. A short guide to the most important maintenance metrics, how to track them, and how to use them to improve your maintenance operation. Sep 16, 2017 a software metric is a measure of software characteristics which are quantifiable or countable. Software metrics are proposed to help show indications for quality, size, complexity, etc. With a cmms, maintenance professionals can track the kpis they need and even customize a dashboard to only display what they want.
For small companies, a manual approach can work, says sandra hawkins, senior research engineer at southwest research institute and an experienced manufacturing consultant. Maintainability is a multifaceted quality attribute each of the facets must be analyzed to objectively measure it. Handbook of maintenance management and engineering springer. Swe075 plan operations, maintenance, retirement sw. Data analytics metrics can be the answer to optimized app. Maintainability metrics calculations for mttr, mmhoh, mmhfh. Cost of reusing software 37 cost of software maintenance 38 section 4 key documents and deliverables 41. Mttr mean time to repair, mcmt mean corrective maintenance time, mpmt mean preventive maintenance time, and much more. One way to do this is by using different maintenance metrics to. A guide to maintainability prediction with milhdbk472.
Ppc scheduled maintenance timetotal maintenance hours x 100. Includes maintenance, research and typical costs associated with a project. When development of a software product is complete and it is released to the market, it enters the maintenance phase of its life cycle. The development metric handbook is currently being used on five. He also describes the key metrics used by several major software developers and discusses software metrics data collection.
Software requirements volatility metrics are the total number of requirements compared to requirement changes over time. Auerbach publications a crc press company boca raton london new york washington, d. Maintenance planning and scheduling handbook third edition doc palmer me graw hill. The right processes turn data into information, and information into strategies. Empirical cost risk and uncertainty analysis metrics calibrated slimestimate using most recent dod data mapping between cocomo, seer, true s cost drivers empirical dataset for cocomo, true s, and seer calibration software maintenance cost model unclassified table of contents chapter 1.
Weekend duty should be based on rules, and aircraft should not be worked unless there is no other option but to work or replace a monday flyer. Jay is a recognized thought leader in maintenance and the supporting software and technology. Just 15 minutes of your time can save you from irretrievable revenue losses and hours of trouble in the future. Maintenance metrics translate action into numbers to give clarity on the performance of everyone and everything at your facility. The managers handbook for software development was originally published in april 1984. Evaluation of air force aircraft maintenance metrics for integration into the expeditionary combat support system brian d. And there is no better way to spot opportunities for improvement. There is a comprehensive discussion on modern estimating. Software maintenance is a phase in the software development.
Therefore, backlogs must be kept within reasonable limits. Department of transportation federal aviation administration reliability, maintainability, and availability rma handbook may 30, 2014 faa rmahdbk006b federal aviation administration 800 independence avenue, sw washington, dc 20591. Contents list of contributors xxv part i maintenance organization. Software cost estimation metrics manual for defense systems. Evolving depot maintenance metrics sae international. Metrics for software maintenance software quality metrics. It may include additions, changes, and reduction of requirements. Evaluation of these metrics by operational maintenance managers provides insight into the importance and effectiveness of the current metrics as well as the clarity and potential success for translating the proposed new metrics for the ecss program. The software metrics study was initiated to propose metrics of the maintainability of the software produced by the mdsf project. Optimizing the performance of people and assets is crucial to maintenance success. A software metric set for program maintenance management. Relyence maintainability prediction calculates all your most critical metrics for evaluating your repair and maintenance related activities. Lagging indicators follow events, and include maintenance metrics. Overall equipment effectiveness oee oee is the measure of the productivity of a piece of equipment.
To keep up with everything, each member of a maintenance team must enter accurate data each time they create a work order or perform a job. Limble is a modern, easy to use mobile cmms software that takes the stress. Keywords maintenance, performance measurement, metrics, key. Software maintenance handbook of software engineering and. Handbook of maintenance management and engineering. The project was commissioned by the director of maintenance, deputy chief of staff, installations and logistics, united states air force. This information is used to track the status of a specific process the number of work orders the maintenance department receives in a day, for example. Using operational data, a computerized maintenance management system cmms can display key performance indicators kpis on a reporting dashboard to visualize its performance. Maintenance metrics basics 11 air force maintenance metrics for the caf, weekend duty should not be routine. Metrics for software maintenance information technology essay 1 introduction.
Care has been taken to reference outside sources consulted for the text, easily leading readers to more detailed information when needed. It modifies and update software applications after delivery to eliminate gaps. Here is upkeeps guide to the key metrics that are critical for any. Acquisitions architecting auditing cba contracts cost estimating dodaf evms financial management glossary human system integration information security information continue reading. Maintenance managers and maintenance planners can use these metrics to pinpoint the real issues and how to fix them. Software already in use 324 single user or larger network 325. Metrics for software maintenance information technology essay. Maintenance customers deserve to have their work performed on a timely basis. Whilst figures vary, a general agreement exists that 60% to 80% of a systems budget is spent on software maintenance. These are more closely associated with process and product metrics than with project metrics. Limble is a modern, easy to use mobile cmms software. A software metric is a measure of software characteristics which are. Maintenance kpis and maintenance metrics are often used interchangeably.
Reliability, availability, maintainability, and cost. Nov 15, 2019 for the software maintenance plan, provide separate volumes for each system element e. Using these maintenance metrics and turning the data into actionable information, organizations can acquire both qualitative and quantitative insights. Software metrics massachusetts institute of technology. The metrics handbook for maintenance leaders was produced by the air force logistics management agency for use in the air force maintenance community. Maintenance metrics 449 summary 454 b the people side of planning 455 the people rules of planning 456 rule 1.
As such, availability is a function of how often the system fails a function of reliability and how long it. One way to do this is by using different maintenance metrics to understand the equipment performance. The document then identifies typical business process and results metrics that can be used as key performance indicators for the maintenance function. There is a difference between maintenance kpis and maintenance metrics. The right tools capture the numbers and calculate the metrics. Key performance indicators kpis are the flashlights that help navigate the forest of data generated by ehr billing software. Maintainability refers to the ease with which you can repair, improve and understand software code. Maintainability maintenance is the activity of modifying a software product after initial delivery.
Each hour of effective planning typically returns three to five hours in mechanic time or equivalent savings measured in cost of material and production downtime. No way to measure property directly or final product does not yet exist for predicting, need a model of relationship of predicted variable with other measurable variables. Software maintenance is widely recognised as a dominant factor for the high costs of large software systems. The software engineering handbook is written for software developers. Through the use of metrics, maintenance organizations can efficiently manage. Vowel i nasa johnson space center, houston, texas managers at the national aeronautics and space ad ministrations mission operations directorate at the johnson space center wanted to increase their in sight into the. Kan discusses several metrics in each of three groups of software quality metrics. Often the improvements dont last, even when the initial implementation seemed successful. So even though powerful tools like data analytics metrics are available to developers, rarely do they take advantage of the information necessary to improve the quality of their software projects, reduce project failures and perform proactive maintenance. The software maintenance plan describes specific standards, methods, tools, actions, procedures, and responsibilities associated with the maintenance process. At their core, maintenance metrics are measurements. Es tablishing the software maintenance metrics pro gram was easier than the development program put in place 2 years prior because the contractor team members and the nasa project managers had the benefit of that previous work. When software fails, the software engineer does not replace the offending code with an identical piece of code, but rather must modify the code to provide the needed functionality. In this chapter from his book on software quality engineering, stephen h.
Maint software maintenance plan software engineering handbook. Now that you know what metrics to measure, you need to know how to track them. The project was commissioned by the director of maintenance, deputy chief of staff, installations and. Swe200 software requirements volatility metrics sw. With regard to management and work culture, accountability and organizational skills are good, but there is room for improvement in goal setting, global metrics, and. The project was commissioned by the director of maintenance, deputy chief.
World class maintenance notes that 90% of maintenance should be planned. Manufacturers must determine the right balance between running equipment to failure and spending too much. But you cant figure out where to start fixing your maintenance organization or how because you dont know where youre at. Shiver, whose background includes maintenance management at mars waco, texas, confectionary plant, outlined 10 maintenance metrics to drive better decisionmaking. In depth look at dsqi and software package metrics. Pdf compendium of software quality standards and metrics. The enormous economic impact of quality of the software makes it a major concern for all software development efforts.
Reliability, maintainability, and availability rma handbook. Top three critical maintenance kpis for any industry. Prepared by the office of the secretary of defense in. Software quality metrics are a subset of software metrics that focus on the quality aspects of the product, process, and project. Measuring software maintainability quandary peak research. Check out our guide on software testing to learn more about the various. Original binary for cocomo ii, manuals and documets for cocomo project. Measurement theory overview of software metrics, basics of measurement theory. We can accurately measure some property of software or process. Most organisations that implement maintenance planning and scheduling do not achieve the longterm results they expected. This handbook is intended to be a convenient reference on software management methods and aids. Key performance indicators kpis are business metrics used to evaluate factors that are crucial to the success of an organization. Nov 04, 2015 the larger you get, you will want to look into software to make it easier to manage your open work orders and make sure preventive maintenance does get done, she says. The administrative repeat flag is set to y when the closed date is identical and there is a different cleared date for a circuit.
The software maintenance task is responsible to coordinate the continuous maintenance of the middleware components developed within the project and included in an emi distribution, preserving. Managers handbook for software development revision 1. Typically, this analysis is done using a software tool designed for maintainability prediction. Planned maintenance percentage is the percentage of maintenance hours spent on planned maintenance activities versus unplanned. Jul 24, 2019 the calculations are based on the tasks needed to complete a maintenance activity and their associated times. Kpis connect progress to performance, while metrics connect performance to action.
The calculations are based on the tasks needed to complete a maintenance activity and their associated times. Thats why the most widelyused maintenance metrics address the way equipment and people work. Selecting the right metrics can identify worrisome trends and pinpoint areas that need improvement. Performing organization names and addresses defense acquisition university,9820 belvoir rd,fort belvoir,va,22060. Construction and maintenance of large, highquality software projects is a complex, errorprone, and difficult process. It also allows you to create processes, like automated reports, that lead to better. The project was commissioned by the director of maintenance, deputy chief ofstaff, installations and logistics, united states air force. Maintenance metrics 101 for datadriven maintenance fiix. Maintenance planning and scheduling handbook, fourth edition, features more new case studies showing real world successes, a new chapter on getting better storeroom support, major revisions that describe the best kpis for planning, major additions to the issue of selling planning to gain support, revisions to make work order codes more. Use them even when everything seems fine to get a quick measure of your maintenance program.
Tools employing software database metrics can play an important role in effic. Pdf towards a software vulnerability prediction model. Acastat software, research tools and instructional aids. Everything in maintenance revolves around humans and machines. Reliability, availability, maintainability, and cost rationale report manual. Maintenance kpis maintenance metrics to measure performance. Pdf a software metric set for program maintenance management. Once these are in place, you can then go stepbystep through the components in your system and describe the process and procedures required to repair and replace failed items. An in depth look at research that has been done on software metrics. Hardware support activities are typically dominated by preventive and corrective maintenance. Jan 23, 2019 for longevity and scalability, software maintenance plays a crucial part in the entire software development life cycle. In this paper, software metrics related to complexity are developed and evaluated. For maintenance professionals, establishing, benchmarking and monitoring kpis within a modern computerized maintenance management software. Faa reliability, maintainability, and availability rma handbook faa rmahdbk006b i u.
There are three main categories of maintenance metrics asset. Here are some important maintenance metrics you should track if you want to improve and optimize your maintenance operations. Maintenance metrics you should be measuring reliable plant. It gives informed data on how effective organizations maintenance processes is running based on factors like equipment quality, performance, and availability. Da3 software development metrics handbook, version. While software metrics are a generally desirable feature in the software management functions of project planning and project evaluation, they are of. Software quality is the focus of a software project, from the perspective of the developer as much as the customer. These metrics are very important as they can mean the difference between achieving the overall business goals and explaining how unexpected breakdowns caused yet another production delay. Theyre pieces of information in the form of numbers. Waller, captain, usaf afitglmens09 air force institute of technology wrightpatterson air force base, ohio. Limitations to consider when using metrics to evaluate software systems. Maintenance planning and scheduling handbook, 4th edition. They allow you to trace results back to their roots so you can make better decisions and improve your operation in meaningful ways.
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