In this work, the possibility to calculate spi by fitting to the precipitation data the normal and the lognormal probability distributions. Drought severity based on the spi index and its relation. Drought characterisation in peninsular malaysia using. It can be used for determining the onset, duration and magnitude of drought conditions with respect to normal conditions in a variety of natural and managed systems such as crops, ecosystems, rivers, water resources, etc. Forecasting spei and spi drought indices using the integrated. Drought indices are commonly used for detection, monitoring and evaluation of drought events. Most users apply spi using monthly datasets, but the computer programs have the flexibility to produce results when using daily and weekly. Aug 19, 2014 softwares for the spi calculation are available for different categories of users, and they may be found at. The spi generator application serves to generate spi standard precipitation index data. How to calculate drought indices spi, czi, mczi, edi, rai. The result of research and work done in 1992 at colorado state university, united states, by mckee et al.
Climatological drought analyses and projection using spi and. The standardised precipitationevapotranspiration index. Please use the following link to download the spi program. Standardized precipitation index spi ncar climate data guide. Standardized precipitation index user guide wmo library. Spi software operative spi calculation in rhmss is performed by microsoft excel sheets and functions. The spi calculation for any location is based on the longterm precipitation record for a desired. The spi drought index was chosen to forecast drought in this study due to its simplicity, its ability to represent droughts on multiple time scales, and because it is a probabilistic drought index. One of the most commonly used drought indices is the standardized precipitation index spi. Mdm is a free tool for calculating meteorological drought indices by input rainfall data in excel format.
Can anyone recommend a standard precipitation index spi. The full lincoln declaration on drought indices can be found on the wmo website at. You can calculate kbdikeetchbyram drought index by kbdis and plot graphs. Application of the standardized precipitation index spi. In addition, you can order a service in agrimetsoft services. Use of the standardized precipitation index spi and a. You can view sample of run of dmap in drought monitoring and prediction. The main premise of the current effort is that the use of a drought index, such as standardized precipitation index spi, may lead to a more appropriate understanding of drought duration, magnitude and spatial extent in semiarid areas like greece. Applying the standardized precipitation index as a drought indicator mark svoboda, climatologist.
This paper examines past drought and assesses future drought scenarios for the arkansas red river basin using two common drought indexes, the standardized precipitation index spi and palmer drought severity index pdsi. This map shows the standardized precipitation index spi for multiple monthly accumulation periods for the globe. How to calculate spei and spi indices using spei package in r software. The mdm software package currently bases calculations on two sources of data. All of the necessary files are included in the download zip file. Standardized precipitation index spi this factsheet provides a detailed technical description of the indicator standardized precipitation index spi, produced by the copernicus european drought observatory edo, which is used for detecting and characterizing meteorological drought. Background drought is an insidious natural hazard that results from lower levels of precipitations than what is considered normal.
Climatological drought analyses and projection using spi. Forecasting spei and spi drought indices using the. Mckee 1993 is the number of standard deviations that observed cumulative precipitation. Standardized precipitation index spi drought management. The palmer drought severity index pdsi palmer, 1965, developed by wayne c. I have used various programs for computing spi in my research work. It can be obtained from the comprehensive r archive network, cran. This is the official software repository for national integrated drought information system nidis. All of this software and its documentation are considered to be in the public domain and thus are available for unrestricted public use.
Drought indices standardized precipitation index spi monitoring u. Drought analysis using the standardized precipitation. The national drought resilience partnership ndrp comprises seven federal agencies which work collaboratively to support state, tribal, local, and private sector approaches to managing drought risks and impacts. The studied droughts were described using the two drought indices.
I have di for my 17year time series, where each day of the time series represents 1,000,000 30x30 meter squares in. Drought indices spi different time scales reflect the impact of drought on the availability of the different water resources mckee et al. It is a software for calculating meteorological drought indices. Aljiboori department of atmospheric sciences, college of science, almustansiriyah university email. A standalone software has been developed, too, although the code is no longer maintained so the r library is recommended for. Standardized streamflow index ssfi integrated drought. The spi is usually computed by fitting the gamma probability distribution to the observed precipitation data. The sci package adds flexibility by incorporating a free choice of the statistical distribution used for. The spi is an index based on the probability of precipitation for any time scale. Many drought planners appreciate the spis versatility. The sci package is a free extension to the r language that efficiently. How to calculate rdi, sdi and spi drought indices using drinc.
One unique feature is that the spi can be used to monitor conditions on a variety of time scales. This study analyses drought events using indices, namely spi and deciles index, computed with drinc software program but are not popular in malaysia. The spei is designed to take into account both precipitation and potential evapotranspiration pet in determining drought. Drought assessment in iraq using analysis of standardized precipitation index spi yaseen k. This software calculates spi standardized precipitation index, di deciles index, pn percent of normal index, rai rainfall anomaly index, edi effective. Drought and climate change assessment using standardized. This tool can convert nonrotated coordinate to rotated coordinate and vice versa. Because using different drought indices at a given time can show drier or.
The importance of the index may be marked in its simplicity and its ability to identify the beginning and end of a drought event. Standardized precipitation index spi integrated drought. The standardized precipitation drought evapotranspiration index spei requires a di term of the difference between precipitation and potential evapotranspiration pet on a weekly or monthly basis. The standardized precipitation index spi is a widely used index to characterize meteorological drought on a range of timescales. Drought characterization using standard precipitation index spi program. In this study, the standardized precipitation index spi was used for drought identification and monitoring in sarawak river basin. After already mentioned adaptations, full harmonization was achieved with the methodology proposed by ears within the dmcsee. Use of spi and rainfall deciles for drought assessment i. In this work, the possibility to calculate spi by fitting to the precipitation data the normal and the log.
A software for monitor meteorological drought by 8 indices. Modarres introduced ssfi in 2007, and telesca et al. Kleist and in 1993, is based only on precipitation. We developed the mdm meteorological drought monitoring software application for calculating eight rainbased meteorological drought indices, namely. The authors, the united states government, its instrumentalities, officers, employees, and agents make no. Drought characterization using standard precipitation. In this video, i have briefly explained how to characterize historically occurred droughts in a station level using the most commonly used index standard precipitation index spi. Index spi, the standardized precipitationevapotranspiration index spei, and the. Can anyone recommend a standard precipitation index spi computer program that is easy to use. Drought characterisation in peninsular malaysia using drinc. The standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index spei is an extension of the widely used standardized precipitation index spi. This paper presents the effect of theoretical distribution selection on spi values, and the analysis of drought events for five selected meteorological stations in slovenia. It is observed that both indices are identical and suitable for drought occurrences. Standardized precipitation index spi ncar climate data.
The standardized precipitation index spi is a probability ie. Drought assessment in iraq using analysis of standardized. Understanding drought drought is an insidious natural hazard and can affect all climatic regimes. Application of the standardized precipitation index spi in. An example of comparision of spi values appendix i shows that the differencies betwen calculated values are negligible. This tool displays maps of probabilistic forecasts of the standardized precipitation index spi, for 3, 6, 9, or 12month accumulation periods for the globe based on monthly precipitation predictions from 6 nmme models and the initial observed condition. Spigen is a fully customizable spi generator software package, which can easily adapt to a wide variety of spi protocol specifications. Softwares for the spi calculation are available for different categories of users, and they may be found at. The spi can be computed for different time scales can provide early warning of drought and help assess drought severity less complex than the. Using monthly precipitation data between the year 1975 and 2016 for 15 rainfall stations in the basin, the drought index values were obtained for the time scale of three, six and nine months. This article has a free software for calculating 8 drought indices. The spei r library allows computing the spei and includes a set of additional functionalities and options. The spi index is based on the evaluation of precipitation data.
Standardized precipitation index user guide 5 based on an analysis of stations across colorado in the united states, mckee determined that the spi indicates mild drought 24% of the time, moderate drought 9. In the original work, modarres described how ssfi was similar to spi in that ssfi for a given period was defined as the difference in streamflow from mean to standard deviation. The sci package is a free extension to the r language that efficiently calculates standardized climate indices, including the standardized precipitation index spi, the standardized precipitationevapotranspiration index spei, and the standardized runoff index sri. When calculating rdi values using this software,invalid procedure call or. In 2009, the world meteorological organization wmo approved the lincoln declaration on. It outputs spi data and, optionally, frequency and drought period. The program can be run with missing data, but it will. Standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index spei. Aug 19, 2016 drought indices standardized precipitation index spi monitoring u. On short timescales, the spi is closely related to soil moisture, while at longer timescales, the spi can be related to groundwater and reservoir storage. A software for calculating rainbased drought indices. The outcome of their work was first presented at the 8th conference on applied climatology, held in january 1993. Feb 12, 2018 in this video, i have briefly explained how to characterize historically occurred droughts in a station level using the most commonly used index standard precipitation index spi. Mdm is a free tool for calculating meteorological drought indices by input.
The standardized precipitation index spi, developed by t. Drought analysis using the standardized precipitation index spi. It is defined as the deficiency of precipitation relative to what is expected or normal. Mckee 1993 is the number of standard deviations that observed cumulative precipitation deviates from the climatological average. Drought characterization using standard precipitation index. Is there software for calculation of spei drought index. The mdm software package currently bases calculations on two. Standardized climate indices sci european drought centre. Applied computational intelligence and soft computing 2012 article.
Drought characterization using standard precipitation index spi. Standard precipitation index drought forecasting using. It is an alternative to the more complicated physically based palmer severe drought index psdi which uses a simple water balance model. Historical climate data within the 19002009 time frame were used to derive the past drought index estimates. Is there software for calculation of spei drought index that is using monthly input data. Kim department of environmental atmospheric sciences, pukyong national university, 5991 daeyondong, namgu, busan 608737 republic of korea abstract. The application reads in precipitation data and supports different time scales and data types weekly, monthly. Hi, i have calculate the spi using monthly chirps chg data 1981 present heres the step. Index spi, the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index spei, and the.
Manual for this software is a bit confusing especially for somebody. Dec 30, 2015 the studied droughts were described using the two drought indices. Index swsi shafer and dezman, 1982 and standardized precipitation index spi mckee et al. Calculate rainfall average and standard deviation by month i used 1981 2014 as a base period, you can used cell statistics tool in the spatial analyst toolbox, and choose mean and std to calculate the average and standard deviation for jan, feb. Usda federal drought assistance for information on resources available to help aid in the recovery from this years drought, visit the usda. How to calculate drought indices spi, czi, mczi, edi, rai, zsi. When this phenomenon extends over a season or a longer period of time, precipitation is insufficient to meet the demands of human activities and the environment. Comparison of the spi and spei on predicting drought conditions and streamflow in the canadian prairies sunil gurrapu1 2, aston chipanshi2, david sauchyn1, allan howard2 1 prairie adaptation research collaborative parc, university of regina 2 science and technology branch, agriculture and agrifood canada aafc, regina introduction. An r package incorporating a set of functions for computing potential or reference evapotranspiration and several widely used drought indices, currently including the standardized precipitationevapotranspiration index spei and the standardized precipitation index spe. Comparing the effective drought index and the standardized. Global prediction seasonal subseasonal palmer drought severity indices pdsi crop moisture indices soil moisture percentiles based on nldas standardized runoff index based on nldas integrated drought index based on nldas. Drinc drought indices calculator is a software package which was developed for providing a simple, though adaptable interface for the calculation of drought. The standardized precipitation index spi is widely used as drought meteorological index, to identify the duration andor severity of a drought. Is there software for calculation of spei drought index that.
681 645 1192 274 1092 1048 1612 97 1045 1209 1044 730 1193 124 233 433 161 673 1258 285 872 1454 50 232 123 916 289 235 1275 636